Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Fibroids are common during the reproductive years and can cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, and fertility challenges.

At MyObgyne, we provide evaluation and personalized treatment for uterine fibroids in San Tan Valley, AZ. If you have been diagnosed with fibroids or you are noticing symptoms that may be related, our team can help you understand your options.

What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are growths made of muscle and connective tissue. They can range from very small to large masses that change the shape of the uterus. Some patients have one fibroid, while others have multiple fibroids of different sizes.

Fibroids may develop in different areas of the uterus, including:

• Intramural: within the uterine wall
• Submucosal: just beneath the uterine lining
• Subserosal: on the outer surface of the uterus
• Pedunculated: attached by a stem-like structure

Common Symptoms of Fibroids

Not all fibroids cause symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain, pressure, or cramping
• Bloating or a sensation of fullness in the lower abdomen
• Distended abdomen
• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Constipation or back pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Difficulty getting pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy

If fibroid symptoms are affecting your comfort, energy, or daily routine, it is time to schedule an evaluation.

What Causes Fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood. Several factors may contribute to fibroid growth, including:

• Hormones: estrogen and progesterone may support fibroid growth
• Genetics: a family history of fibroids can increase risk
• Age: fibroids are most common between ages 30 and 50
• Race: fibroids are more common and may be more severe in Black women
• Weight and lifestyle factors: may contribute in some patients
• Environmental factors: smoking may play a role

Fibroids often shrink after menopause as hormone levels decline.

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically begins with a pelvic exam and a review of symptoms and menstrual history. Testing may include:

• Pelvic ultrasound: confirms the presence, size, and location of fibroids
• Saline infusion sonogram (SIS): provides a clearer view of the uterine lining
• MRI: helps map fibroids in detail, often used before surgical planning
• Hysteroscopy: allows direct evaluation of the inside of the uterus

Accurate diagnosis supports a treatment plan that reflects your symptoms, fertility goals, and overall health.

Treatment Options for Fibroids

Treatment depends on fibroid type, symptoms, and whether you are planning pregnancy. Your provider will review available options based on your needs.

Medications may include:

• Hormonal birth control to help manage bleeding
• GnRH agonists to shrink fibroids before surgery when appropriate
• Tranexamic acid to reduce menstrual blood loss
• Iron supplements if anemia is present

Minimally invasive procedures may include:

• Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) to reduce blood flow and shrink fibroids
• Endometrial ablation to reduce bleeding, not recommended for patients planning future pregnancy
• Hysteroscopic myomectomy to remove fibroids inside the uterus without abdominal incisions

Surgical options may include:

• Myomectomy to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, often preferred when fertility preservation is a goal
• Hysterectomy, a permanent solution for severe symptoms when childbearing is complete

Fibroids and Fertility

Fibroids do not always affect pregnancy, but certain types, especially submucosal fibroids, may make it harder to conceive or increase miscarriage risk. If you are trying to get pregnant now or planning pregnancy in the future, your treatment plan will take fertility into account. In some cases, treating fibroids before pregnancy may reduce complications.

Take Control of Your Health

Fibroids are common, but symptoms that disrupt your life deserve attention. With proper evaluation and treatment, many patients experience lasting relief and improved quality of life.

If you are experiencing fibroid symptoms in San Tan Valley, AZ, schedule an appointment with MyObgyne to discuss evaluation and treatment options.